Deep-sea ecosystems of the North Atlantic Ocean : discovery, status, function and future challenges

Abstract

Highlights: ─ We review the current status of knowledge of 18 pelagic and benthic deep-sea ecosystems across the North Atlantic. ─ We advocate prioritizing scientific research that leads to increased knowledge of: (1) the distribution of key species and habitats (2) connectivity of species and habitats (3) the processes leading to the delivery of ecosystems services. ─ Largest data gaps exist in Caribbean EEZs, Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, and sub-ocean basins. ─ Developing the science to support sustainable development of the North Atlantic requires: (1) equitable access to ocean infrastructures (2) investment in capacity sharing (3) substantial investment in equitable ocean science.