Ocean-based climate solutions in Nationally Determined Contributions : June 2023 update

Abstract

There is increasing recognition of the linkages between the ocean and climate change. As Parties to the Paris Agreement communicate their second round of national climate goals, this policy brief tracks the inclusion of concrete, ocean-based mitigation and adaptation actions. It sorts commitments first by ocean-based solution and then by country. Updates to this brief will post regularly as countries submit further NDCs. This update analyzes 98 NDC submissions and updates from: Albania, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, European Union, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Kiribati, Lebanon, Malaysia, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia (Federated States of), Monaco, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Russia, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, Sudan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Tunisia, Türkiye, Tuvalu, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania, Uruguay, United States, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.